10 Must-Know Facts About Diamonds: From Formation to the Retail Shelf

Diamonds have captivated human fascination for centuries, symbolizing luxury, love, and endurance. However, few people know the incredible journey diamonds take before reaching the shelves of jewelry stores. From their formation deep within the Earth to their final transformation into stunning pieces of jewelry, diamonds undergo a remarkable process. Here are 10 must-know facts about diamonds that trace their journey from the depths of the Earth to the retail shelf.

1. Diamonds Are Billions of Years Old

Most diamonds are formed between 1 to 3 billion years ago, making them some of the oldest natural materials on Earth. Their formation predates many life forms, as diamonds are born under extreme pressure and temperature deep within the Earth's mantle.

2. Diamonds Are Formed 100 Miles Below the Earth’s Surface

Diamonds originate more than 100 miles below the Earth’s surface, where temperatures exceed 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit. These extreme conditions allow carbon atoms to bond in a unique crystal structure, forming the hardest known natural substance.

3. Volcanic Eruptions Bring Diamonds to the Surface

The only way diamonds reach the Earth's surface is through powerful volcanic eruptions. These eruptions transport the diamonds in a type of volcanic rock called kimberlite. Without these eruptions, diamonds would remain deep in the Earth, inaccessible to humans.

4. The Earliest Diamonds Were Discovered in India

India was the world’s first source of diamonds, where the gemstones were discovered over 2,500 years ago along riverbeds. These diamonds were cherished by royalty and became integral to India’s rich cultural and spiritual traditions.

5. The Largest Diamond Ever Found Weighs Over 3,000 Carats

The largest diamond ever discovered is the Cullinan Diamond, weighing an astonishing 3,106 carats. This massive gem was found in South Africa in 1905 and was later cut into several notable stones, including two pieces that are part of the British Crown Jewels.

6. Only 20% of Mined Diamonds Are Gem-Quality

Not all diamonds are destined for jewelry. Only about 20% of mined diamonds are of gem-quality, meaning they have the clarity and color suitable for use in fine jewelry. The other 80% are used in industrial applications, where diamonds are prized for their hardness and cutting ability.

7. Lab-Grown Diamonds Are Identical to Natural Diamonds

Lab-grown diamonds have the same chemical and physical properties as natural diamonds. These diamonds are created in a controlled environment that mimics the natural diamond formation process, producing a gem that is nearly indistinguishable from its natural counterpart.

8. The 4Cs Determine a Diamond’s Value

The value of a diamond is determined by the 4Cs: Cut, Clarity, Color, and Carat weight. These factors are critical in grading the diamond's quality. A well-cut diamond reflects light beautifully, while clarity and color impact its overall brilliance and purity.

9. Diamonds Are The Hardest Natural Substance

Diamonds are known for their incredible hardness, ranking 10 on the Mohs hardness scale. This characteristic makes them highly resistant to scratching, which is why diamonds are commonly used in both jewelry and industrial cutting tools.

10. Diamond Certification Ensures Quality

Before diamonds reach the retail shelf, they are graded and certified by trusted gemological institutions like the GIA (Gemological Institute of America) and IGI (International Gemological Institute). These certifications offer consumers assurance about the quality and authenticity of their diamond, detailing the 4Cs and other critical characteristics.

The Journey to the Jewelry Store

Once diamonds are extracted from kimberlite rock, they go through an extensive sorting process where gem-quality stones are separated from industrial-grade ones. The gem-quality diamonds are then cut and polished by skilled artisans to enhance their brilliance. After polishing, diamonds are sent for grading and certification before being set into fine jewelry and displayed for sale in retail stores.

Conclusion

Diamonds undergo an extraordinary transformation from their formation deep within the Earth to becoming prized possessions in the world of luxury jewelry. Understanding their journey—from volcanic eruptions to the careful hands of jewelers—adds a deeper appreciation for their rarity and beauty. These 10 must-know facts highlight the incredible history and science behind one of the world’s most sought-after gems. Whether you’re a collector or simply love wearing diamonds, knowing their origin makes these sparkling stones even more special.